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Searching Methods:
Proximity Search: A proximity search implies the searching for documents where two or more separately matching term occurrence among the specific number of intermediate words or characters. it goes beyond the simple matching of words by adding the constraint of proximity and is generally regarded as a form of advanced search. Proximity search can be designed for only some keywords within a specific distance. It uses various search syntax and controls to facilities more articulate search queries. Sometimes query operators like NEAR, NOT NEAR, FOLLOWED BY, NOT FOLLOEWD BY, etc are used to indicate a proximity search. Application: we find both implicit and explicit proximity search. The commercial search engines automatically rank those search results where the user’s keywords have a good “proximity Score”. For three or more words, the users specify which subsets of these keywords expect proximity in search subsets. For Ex., Yahoo and Altavista, both support and undocumented NEAR operators. The syntax is Keyword1 NEAR Keyword2 Google search supports AROUND (#) Bling supports NEAR. The syntax is keyword1 near n keyword2, n= the number of maximum separating words.
BOOLEAN Operators: Boolean Operators are simple words used as conjunctions to combine or exclude keywords in a search, resulting in more productive result. The basic Boolean operators are: AND, OR and NOT. The Boolean operators can be used in almost every search engine, databases, or online catalogue. AND Operator (Narrowing the search): Using Boolean Operator AND, one can tells the search engine to give result that contain all of the words that entered. OR Operator (Expanding the search): Using Boolean Operator Or, one can tells the search engine to give result that contain any of the words that entered. NOT Operator (Narrowing the word): Using Boolean Operator NO , one can tells the search engine to give result that contain of the words except the word that following NOT.
Truncation Methods: Truncation allows searching various forms of a word by finding various alternate endings. Truncation is the act or process of shortening or reducing something. In the context of literature searching, it refers to the shortening of a search term so as to bring up words that share a root word but have different endings. Truncation is a technique frequently used in keyword searching, in which it helps reduce the number of variations you have to search on separately. Truncation, also called stemming, is a technique that broadens your search to include various word endings and spellings. To use truncation, enter the root of a word and put the truncation symbol at the end. The database will return results that include any ending of that root word. In databases, the truncation symbol is the asterisk (*) and (#), though it may be any character designated by the database. For Example,” Child*” may result child childhood childlike children children’s, Childs , using the search term " person# ", it may result in "people", as well as "person", "personalize", "personable", "persona", and "personal".
Navigational Search: Navigational Search means that the user wants to find a specific page, domain, or physical address. It overlaps with Google's “visit” and “website” user intents and includes local search. The key to understanding navigational intent is that users already know what they're trying to find. A navigational query is a type of query where users usually have specific websites in mind. So, for example, when someone is looking for the Jio website, they would enter "Jio.com" or simply "Jio" in the search bar.